AIOU Research Project solved theme Children’s socio Emotional Development, Sub-theme: Recognizing self Behaviours
B.Ed (1.5 Year/2.5/4 Year)
Course
Code: 8613/6464
Name:
Roll No:
Registration
No:
Semester:
Spring 2021 Region:
Theme: Children’s
socio Emotional Development
Sub-theme: Recognizing
self Behaviours
Topic: Strategies to develop of Recognizing
self Behaviours among secondary school students in covid-19
TOPIC APPROVAL FORM
(Note: This form must be filled
and signed on the last day of the 03-days
workshop)
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StudentName: RegistrationNumber: RollNumber:
Programme: SupervisorName:
Theme Sub-theme Topic of ResearchProject:
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DECLARATION
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I Daughter / Sonof
RollNo. RegistrationNo. , a student of B.Ed Program (1.5 Year / 2.5 Year) at Allama Iqbal Open University do hereby declare that the research projectentitled
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submitted by me in partial fulfillment of B.Ed (1.5 Year / 2.5 Year) program is my original work and has not been submitted or published earlier. I also solemnly declare that it shall not, in future, be submitted for obtaining any other degree from this or any other university orinstitution.
I also understand the zero tolerance policy against plagiarism of the university and the HEC and if my work is found to be plagiarized or copied from someone other’s work at any stage, even after the award of the degree, the work may be cancelled and the degree confiscated.
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(Signature of the Student)
Date:
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Research Project Submission Approval Form
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be filled by the student;and signed by the supervisor and the RD)
This research projectentitled
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submitted by (studentname)
RollNo. RegistrationNo.
Program (1.5 Year or2.5Year) was conducted under my supervision. I have read it and found it to be satisfactory regarding its originality, content, language, relevancy, consistency, citation and reference list. It is ready for submission for evaluation to Allama Iqbal Open University as a partial fulfillment of B.Ed (1.5 Year / 2.5Year).
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Certified that the student has completed at least 80% attendance and all required components of the workshop.
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(Signature of the Regional
Director)
Name of the School (where the action research was conducted):
Overall
background of the participants of the project; area / school: (socio- economic status, occupation / profession – earning trends of majority
of the parents, literacy rate,
academic quality, and any other special trait of the community where the
school is situated) (10 Marks)
I selected ……. for my research project. The participants of my research project were secondary level students. It was a local action research conducted to fulfill the criteria of degree for bachelor of education, Allama iqbal open university. Before initiating research, it was essential for me to know the overall concept and background of my study.
So, for this purpose I made a Performa to collect the overall background history and information of the studies that had be done previously. School was situated near corner of the main shadbagh road. It had its main gate towards east side and school was situated on west side.
This school is 20 years old. It had fifteen rooms and 2 offices and a huge assembly ground with beautiful trees and greenery.
Socioeconomic status/ Occupation/ Profession:
I adopted grade sixth in the school of ……… The number of selected students for study was 40. Different students had different and separate background.
Every student had a unique back1g6round in every way. Different kinds of people live in this area who belong to different socioeconomic classes that includes lower,
middle and upper classes. As a trainee teacher, I noticed that every student represent his or her family background because each and everyone had different story. I observed that many complications come from different status in different societies.
Occupation/ Profession information and earning trends:
It was a semi-rural area and most people were attached to labour work or agriculture. It was observed that 25% students’ parents were attached to agriculture, 5% in the teaching field, 8% were labour and servants etc. 2% were in offices and well educated having jobs in army and police departments. Few have their poultry farms and animals farms. Each parents have different method of earning. Mostly people grow wheat, cotton and sugarcane crops. Children help their parents in work.
Literacy Rate:
I noticed that the literacy rate of the area’s public was not that poor. It was 55% but it was better than some other areas surrounding the tehsil. Parents meeting were held in school then I observed that literacy rate of the public of that area was almost 20% for parents who were well educated and 50% belonged to average socioeconomic status whereas most of the parents of students had matriculation as their qualification
Special trait of community:
The community where the school is situated people have good habits and hobbies like plantation, greenery and playing cricket, football, ragby. Students and other members of community mostly boys participate in outdoor games. Many people go to study in nearby cities. A huge number of private schools were present in area.
Theme: Children’s
socio Emotional Development
Sub-theme: Recognizing
self Behaviours
Topic: Strategies to develop of Recognizing
self Behaviours among secondary school students in covid-19
1. Why did you select this specific sub-theme and topic? Relate it to your experience/ problem in your classroom/ institution.
(Give the background and rationale of study) (10 Marks)
I am a trainee teacher and chose Govt high school for my research project. We know that action research is totally based on local level so my class was sixth standard. I observed the problems in judgment of students about themselves among sixth graders. It was noticed that students used to lack the confidence in their skills and abilities and therefore their class participation was very less too as they were not aware of what they have and without knowing and having believe in their abilities, they were also unable to use those capabilities as much as they could do.
Being able to understand and manage your own behaviors is essential tool to survive in a community. It is also equally necessary for well being of a child. While students of sixth grade needed to lean and enhance this ability. It is necessary for them to learn to act in a way that is best for them in the long terms and supports them for long
term. It was also observed that some students underestimated themselves and their
capabilities hence, they were unable to achieve what they were able to achieve. Their participation in co-curricular activities was also less as they were not trying to explore and be aware of the talent they possessed.
Rationale of selecting this topic was only to support children in becoming self-aware and develop their self-efficacy levels through motivation and making them understand that it is in their best interest to be judge themselves positively in a better way. If we don’t develop and enhance self-efficacy in our behaviors, we will be facing problems in our personal, professional and social life. From time to time, different things can affect a child’s self-efficacy.
Due to low self efficacy it was observed that students were led to self-doubt as well and it led them to feel embarrassed as well. Hence, it was the rationale of selecting this research topic for my research as it is a basic need of children and students of elementary level were having problems in this aspect of their behaviors.
Problem:
I noticed that many students were having problems in becoming self aware and trusting their capacities and capabilities and as a result there was lack of participation in the classroom which resulted in passive environment for students if lack of communication from their side stopped them from participation. Also, it was badly impacting their academic achievements as they were underestimating themselves and their talents due to lack of awareness which was leading them to poor performance in
educational domain too and reason that they felt like this was probably lack of training of them to develop their self-efficacy and do not under-estimate their capacities or perhaps a collective effort over all on majority of them was needed.
In today’s society parents are not spending enough time with their children, or
even facilitating them in gaining appropriate degree of self-efficacy. Parents could be doing things such as sitting with their children during their home work, bed time routines and doing even something so little as encouraging them at times and making them know they have their own strengths. But instead, parents and teachers are using demeaning and harsh terms rather than supporting them to develop and enhance their self-efficacy levels by becoming self-aware.
Self-efficacy
can play an important role in health
psychology and how people manage their health, nutrition, and
illness. For example, having a strong sense of self- efficacy can help people
who are trying
to quit smoking
stick to their goals. Maintaining a weight loss plan, managing chronic pain, giving up alcohol,
sticking to an exercise schedule, and
following an eating plan can all be influenced by a person's levels of self- efficacy.
As a child grows, self-efficacy will help them to learn at school – because self- efficacy gives a child the ability to participate actively in the classroom, behave in socially better ways – because self-efficacy gives the child the ability to not negatively judge themselves in different situations, make friends – because self-efficacy gives the child ability to take turns in games assertively as they believe in their capacities, make
decisions confidently, become more independent – because self-efficacy gives a child the
ability to think they can do things alone, on their own and make them believe they know how to behave in new situations with less guidance, they can manage stressors of circumstances – because self-efficacy helps the children to deal with stressors by keeping faith in themselves as they believe they can bounce back easily.
2. What was your discussion with your colleague / friend/ senior teacher or supervisor regarding problem/
(Provide
your discussion with your colleagues, supervisor, teacher for better understanding of the problem
and alternate solutions) (5 Marks)
The problem was noticed in the students’ judgment of themselves and their evaluation of themselves due to lack of self awareness. They used to lack self awareness which made them feel they lack ability to do things and achieve success. They also had difficulty dealing with stressors and bouncing back in daily life stressful circumstances and later as a result, poor and bad educational performance and lack of participation in curricular and co-curricular activities was the consequence. There were lack of problem solving ability found in them and they used to give up trying on things quickly too. This problem was existing in elementary level students at an extreme level. A great need to deal with the problem was felt.
When I discussed it with my colleagues, they told me student had never got help for this problem of themselves and they were instead just pressurized by everyone through to get good grades, to find solutions of different problems, to deal effectively
with stressful situations but their problem was actually not given attention properly. They were being pressurized to participate in classroom activities and co-curricular activities which probably led to a decrease in their ability to perform well and made children judge themselves negatively.
No one had it get practiced by the students. Teachers also were not using strategies to overcome this problem of students while there are techniques that can help children cope with it.
Problems due to lack of self-efficacy as a result of lacks in self awareness
1. They see difficult tasks as threats and try to avoid.
A
2. Avoid goals setting and have low commitment
levels
3. Give up quickly
4. Underestimate their capacities
5. Experience
feelings of failure and depression
6. Feel difficulty in bouncing back
7. Lack of resilience
Techniques used for enhancing self efficacy through developing self awareness
The best way to help a child develop
their self-efficacy through obtaining self awareness. Here are some ways:
. Self-mastery: Self-mastery involves structuring practices that result in success and
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air. This practice makes him more confident about his abilities and reduces his chances of failing in the real task.
2.
Role modeling: Most
organizational setups follow this approach to foster self- efficacy among clients and personnel. In
role modeling sessions, participants observe
the actions of others and gain an objective understanding of favorable
performances. It gives them an idea
of why they should replicate the same and how they would benefit from building trust in themselves. Observing role models
boost motivation and give us the power to accept and accomplish challenging tasks.
3. Verbal persuasions: Verbal
persuasions include encouragement and praise
words from others. For example, positive feedback from a customer can
immediately motivate a new seller and give him the zeal to keep working
hard. Verbal persuasions can also be self-directed. For
example, keeping aside a few minutes each day to praise
yourself and repeat affirmations like – “I am trying hard”, “I can overcome this”, “I am doing good,” “I look
good”, etc., can immensely help in creating
a strong sense of self. Irrespective of our talents, success, and failures, we can get
the power to accept ourselves and keep
seeking for better results.
4. Self-awareness:
To develop efficacy, we have to become the person who knows us. Gretchen Rubin had said, “self-awareness is a key to self-mastery,”
and self- mastery is the direct path
to self-efficacy. Practicing self-awareness can
be, and there are multiple
ways to do it.
•
We
can keep a thought
journal to record our thoughts and feelings
at all times.
•
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Watching these small physical symptoms can help us understand our feelings that very moment.
•
We can also
catch thoughts randomly and try to gauge what we are pondering on right now, and why.
4. What did you find about the problem in the existing literature (books/ articles/ websites)/
(Explore books and online resources to know what and
how has been already done regarding problem) (10 Marks)
For my research project I read different articles and books on different websites and libraries and I gathered background data about my research. Before this
research, many other studies have been done on the relevant topics.
Wilde and
Hsu (2019) conducted a research to find how general self-efficacy affects the interpretation of vicarious experience
information and how this affects self-efficacy in being able to complete a set task within a career skills
online learning environment.
Results showed individuals with low general self-efficacy to find vicarious experience information significantly less beneficial for their self-efficacy in completing a set task when compared to others with high general self-efficacy. Those with low general self- efficacy were more likely to make negative self-comparisons to the vicarious experience information, restricting its potential to increase their self-efficacy. In contrast, participants with high general self-efficacy found many of the vicarious experience information presented to be beneficial to their self-efficacy to complete the set task as
they were more likely to dismiss any information they interpreted to be negative.
Betroret, Rosello and Artiga (2017) designed a study to Self-Efficacy, study relationship between satisfaction, and academic achievement and the mediating role of students' expectancy-value beliefs. The sample comprises 797 Spanish secondary education students from 36 educational settings and three schools. The scales that referred to self- efficacy and expectancy-value beliefs were administered at the beginning of the course, while student satisfaction and achievement were measured at the end of the course. The data analysis was conducted by structural equation modeling (SEM). The results revealed that students' expectancy-value beliefs (Subject value, Process expectancy, Achievement expectancy, Cost expectancy) played a mediator role between academic self-efficacy and
the achievement/satisfaction relationship.
Yusuf (2011) investigated the impact of self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and learning strategies on students’ academic achievement. Conducting this research is important since there is a lack of educational research on the above research components as an integrated motivational model. Selected undergraduate the following research Question: What is the impact of self-efficacy beliefs, achievement motivation, and self- learning strategies on academic achievement of the UKM undergraduate students?
Scientifically, & results& affiliated direct and Hand directed technique indicated the effects of self-efficacy beliefs, achievement motivation, and elf learning strategies on academic achievement. Self-efficacy beliefs were significantly enhanced learning attainment.
5. What were major variables / construct of your project? Give definitions/ description from literature.
(What are key terms in your topic
or study? What do you mean of these terms? What particular meaning you will attend to the term when used in this project?)
In my project self efficacy is the major variable. Following is definition of ‘self efficacy’. It is defined as people’s belief about their capabilities to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over events that affect their lives. Self-efficacy beliefs determine how people feel, think, motivate themselves and behave. Such beliefs produce these diverse effects through four major processes. They include cognitive, motivational, effective and selection processes.
A strong sense of efficacy enhances
human accomplishment and personal well- being
in many ways. People with high assurance in their capabilities approach
difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered
rather than as threats to be avoided.
Such an efficacious outlook fosters intrinsic interest and deep
engrossment in activities. They set themselves
challenging goals and maintain strong commitment to them. They heighten and sustain their efforts in the face of
failure. They quickly recover their sense of efficacy after failures or setbacks. They attribute failure
to insufficient effort or deficient
knowledge and skills which are acquirable. They approach threatening
situations with assurance that they
can exercise control over them. Such an efficacious outlook produces personal
accomplishments, reduces stress and lowers vulnerability to depression.
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personal deficiencies, on the obstacles they will encounter, and all kinds of adverse outcomes rather than concentrate on how to perform successfully. They slacken their efforts and give up quickly in the face of difficulties. They are slow to recover their sense of efficacy following failure or setbacks. Because they view insufficient performance as deficient aptitude it does not require much failure for them to lose faith in their capabilities. They fall easy victim to stress and depression.
Dependent Variable: was building self-efficacy in the behaviors of elementary graders
Independent Variable: Self-awareness
3. What did you want to achieve in this research project?
(Objective/ purpose of study, what was critical
question that was tried to be answered in project) (5 Marks)
The topic that I selected for this project was building self efficacy through different self awareness techniques at elementary level.
According to my selected topic, my objectives of the study were:
1.
To describe whether or not to what extent
strategies can build self-efficacy through self-awareness
2.
To identify what happens
when such strategies are used as a teaching
learning media practices
3.
To find the possible
methods and ways to help children develop
their self efficacy
Purpose:
My purpose was building self-efficacy in their attitudes through self awareness in elementary level students.
Critical Question:
The critical question of this study was how to develop their self efficacy through use of self-awareness techniques?
4. Who were participants? (5 Marks)
(Give details of individuals or groups who were focused
in project)
My research topic was related to development of self efficacy in elementaty level students. Participants of the study’s details are given below:
Individually each participant play different role:
•
Students: This research
was conducted in students
of sixth class. Students were main participants. Many students
showed positive attitude towards study.
There were 40 students who were selected as sample and they were participants of the study.
•
Parents: A parent teacher meeting was held in presence of
students. I observed huge difference
between educated and non educated parents’
attitude towards their children and their lack of communication and withdrawn attitudes.
5. How did you try to solve problem? (10 Marks)
(Narrate the process step-wise. Procedure of interventions and data collection)
According to this topic, problem was in self efficacy level of students and I chose students of elementary class. I judged the existence of problem and prepared a performa and observation sheet. Then I gathered information about problem in detail and decided to solve the problem by using different strategies. These strategies included;
Self-mastery: Self-mastery involves structuring practices that result in success and avoid the chances of failure. For example, when a pilot obtains training before his first flight, he gets all-around exercise for long hours where he polishes his skills, practices the desired actions, and prepares himself for any unexpected situations on air. This practice makes him more confident about his abilities and reduces his chances of failing in the real task.
2.
Role modeling: Most
organizational setups follow this approach to foster self- efficacy among clients and personnel. In
role modeling sessions, participants observe
the actions of others and gain an objective understanding of favorable
performances. It gives them an idea
of why they should replicate the same and how they would benefit from building trust in themselves. Observing role models
boost motivation and give us the power to accept and accomplish challenging tasks.
3.
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creating a strong sense of self. Irrespective of our talents, success, and failures, we can get the power to accept ourselves and keep seeking for better results.
4. Self-awareness:
To develop efficacy, we have to become the person who knows us. Gretchen Rubin had said, “self-awareness is a key to self-mastery,”
and self- mastery is the direct path
to self-efficacy. Practicing self-awareness can
be, and there are multiple
ways to do it.
•
We can keep a thought
journal to record our thoughts and feelings
at all times.
•
We can read the physical cues;
for example, a ‘butterfly’ feeling in the stomach generally indicates nervousness or clenching jaws are an
indicator of anger. Watching these small physical symptoms
can help us understand our feelings that
very moment.
•
We can also
catch thoughts randomly and try to gauge what we are pondering on right now, and why.
Student’s involvement:
I engage the class in groups and involve whole class in my daily base activities. Every single student was involved in practice of developing their self- efficacy behaviors through self-awareness strategies.
6. What kind of instruments were used to collect data? How was instruments developed?
(For example observation, rating scales, interview, student work, portfolio, test etc).
I collected data from grade sixth students through using following research instruments:
Observation sheet:
Then, I prepared an observation sheet, How students develop self- confidence? Almost 40 students were observed after performing mentioned strategies and in the end it was noticed that 25 students had well developed self-efficacy levels in them.
Group practice:
Class was divided by trainee teacher in four groups. Each group had ten members. Group leader was selected from each group to administer group activity in disciplined manner. A competition was held between both groups.
Data collection:
In last, I prepared a questionnaire based on rating scale and then I judged the improvement in their attitude toward different academic tasks and their class participation. The development of the ability was also judged through observation.
Rating scale:
Rating scale was prepared for collection, description, scale length, scale format and scale users, its data collection and method and data analysis was done for final results and future uses.
Students’ work:
During every class students who showed lack of self-efficacy in their behaviors were encouraged to adopt positive attitudes through use of positive techniques like token economy in order to enhance their positive, assertive and confident behaviors.
Portfolio:
A collection of photographs, drawings etc that were used to build the ability to remain confident were collected. Portfolios help in our plans, organization and documentation for educational purposes and sample works.
Questionnaire preparation:
1) Do students judge
their strengths negatively?
a)
Strongly Agree
b)
Agree
c)
Disagree
d)
Strongly Disagree
2) Do students lack resilience?
a)
Strongly Agree
b) Agree
c) Disagree
d) Strongly Disagree
3) Do they try to avoid difficult tasks ?
a)
Strongly Agree
b)
Agree
c)
Disagree
d)
Strongly Disagree
4) Do students give up
quickly ?
a)
Strongly Agree
b) Agree
c)
Disagree
d)
Strongly Disagree
5) Do students lack levels of commitment?
a)
Strongly Agree
b)
Agree
c)
Disagree
d)
Strongly Disagree
6) Do students experience feelings of failure?
a)
Strongly Agree
b)
Agree
c) Disagree
d)
Strongly Disagree
7.
What were the findings and conclusion? (Provide instruments and analysis as
appendix). (10 Marks)
The data was collected from elementary level students and findings are described hereunder in detail:
• Test Data:
Based on test results, after the action research was carried out, the student’s build up of self efficacy through awareness was improved. The analysis of the students’ ability of self efficacy showed that students had experienced great improvement in their self efficacy levels.
In the pre-test the mean of students score is 33.2 while in post-test students reported mean of the study 73.5.
• Questionnaire Result:
Based on first questionnaire that is described in instruments section, the students admitted that they were lacking ability to bounce back and they try to avoid tough situations and they needed to enhance it and after the activities students gave a different response. They enjoyed the activities as well and showed excitement towards more activities of such kind to promote their well being and behaviors.
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Research findings |
Before Research 34 |
After Research |
|
The improvement of |
The students self
efficacy |
Their self-efficacy levels |
|
students’ self-efficacy levels |
levels were poor |
improved
remarkably |
|
Students ability to bounce back |
Poor capacity shown |
Used different strategies and as a result
improved |
|
The improvement of classroom situation during teaching and learning process
by using self- awareness strategies |
Underestimating their strengths and capabilities |
Actively participating demonstrating positive attitude towards their abilities |
|
The students behavior outside class towards difficult tasks |
Students try to avoid situations |
They participated actively in tasks of different
sort |
The goal of research was to develop self-efficacy in elementary level students. Result of questionnaire was that almost 29.6% students strongly agreed, 49% students just normally agreed ad 13.9% just gave natural responses.
Therefore it seems majority of students agreed to the fact of improvement in their self- efficacy level.
Conclusion:
It can be concluded that students were having poor judgment about themselves in classroom and social situations. After implementation of different strategies their ability
of confidently behaving enhanced and their attitude towards others them positively assertive and faith in self developed.
8.
Summary of the project (5
Marks) (What and how was the research conducted – main objective, process and findings)
The study might be short in scope but there is a vital need to conduct such studies.
Population of study was selected from govt. high school sheikhupura. Participants were students of elementary class. After observation it was revealed that students had poor self-efficacy so it was selected as research objective to improve and enhance their ability to judge themselves positively and making them try again and again instead of giving through developing their self-efficacy levels by use of self-awareness. After implementation of the activities and strategies they rated the improvement and huge difference was shown. Hence, study objectives were achieved.
9. How do you feel about this project? What have you learnt? (self-reflection) (10 Marks)
I feel this project did not just helped the students but also made me take a better, assertive and confident judgment and attitude toward myself. It helped me in learning to cope back by keeping firm believe in my skills and abilities while going
through tough and difficult situations. I can say, currently, I am more able to bounce back in difficult situations compared to past times.
Not just that, I also gained the strength to not give up and rather than giving up in a situations I should choose to try repeatedly by maintain firm faith in my capacities and knowing that I can do it. I used to underestimate myself in past too. This study made me stop negatively having opinions about myself. It is an important aspect of promoting well being of children and it made me learn to follow all these myself too that I would say was a great learning.
10. What has it added to your professional skills as a teacher? (5 Marks)
It added some new things in my knowledge. Key points are given below: It made me a good organizer. It made me ready for every thing that is thrown on my way. It made me a good organizer that is more effective learning environment. Before this activity I was not that good organizer.
It made me innovative. I started finding out new things before it I did not have that interest when I started the project. A great change in my thinking occurred. I became capable to find out new things and explore them.
It made me good and effective teacher and mentor. It made me capable for guiding students for right direction and role model. It made me confident that can help me influence others and myself to be a better person.
It made me capable to understand technology in growing at a rapid place. I feel after this activity, students can have positive attitudes towards mistakes in long run and I felt interesting activities made it fun for students too. I learnt a lot and it was a great
learning opportunity for me that added many skills in me.
11. List the works you cited in your project (follow APA manual 6th edition). (5 Marks)
Wilde, N. & Hsu, A. (2019). The influence of general
self-efficacy on the interpretation of vicarious
experience information within online learning. International Journal of
Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(26). Retrieved from: https://educationaltechnologyjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41239-019-
0158-x
Betrorit, F. D., Rosello, L. A. & Artiga, A. G. (2017). Self-Efficacy, Satisfaction, and Academic Achievement: The Mediator Role of Students' Expectancy-Value Beliefs. Front. Psychol. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01193
Yusuf, M. (2011). The impact of self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and self-regulated learning strategies on students’ academic achievement. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 2623-2626. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.158
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