AIOU Research Project (8613) Autumn 2023 Solved Project Theme: Language Development in Classroom Sub-theme: Vocabulary Expansion
Theme: Language Development in Classroom
(To get Solved Project on Your Specific Topic Contact 0 313 55 11535)
1.
Why did you select this specific sub-theme and topic? Relate it to your experience / problem in your
classroom / institution. (10 marks).
The
present topic has been selected for action research because the Vocabulary
Expansion issues are faced by all the students in different levels of
education for career development.
During
the class i realize mostly students pay did not attention because many students
was feels very shy to speak. I say
some student tell me about lecture but they not express their ideas about study. Most of them were quite
and did not responded. I assumed that students
lacked the confidence to practice speaking, which is one of the main
factors to promote confidence in
speaking and express their ideas in free way. I identified from the literature
of activity based teaching and
motivation of students. These wise self introduction an English favorite
stories, interviews and discussions. These activities and related materials wise used to promote Vocabulary Expansion.
Fastener
and Carl smith (1959) found that the payment of money to college students to
lie about enjoying a dull learning
task did little to change the student's opinion of the task. Similarly, Deci (1971; 1972) discovered
that money as a reward has detrimental effects on motivation. Intrinsically motivated college students became less
motivated when paid money as a
reward. On the other hand, when intrinsically motivated students were given
praise as a reward, their motivation was enhanced.
So, i selected that specific sub-theme
to create self confidence in students through
encouragement and rewards. My students were often weak in
self-confidence mainly one reason of this, because they belong to backward and uneducated areas.
2. What was your discussion with your colleague
/ friend / senior teacher
or supervisor regarding the problem?
(05 marks)
I
noticed that it’s a big problem in our school and rural areas schools. Now a
day’s education is so tough that’s
why self confidence is very necessary for students. I discussed this problem with my colleagues, senior teacher and
supervisor. My colleagues and senior staff tell me our students have no guidance about self-confidence. They have low Vocabulary
Expansion and so weak speaking power. Mostly teachers
used lecture method for teaching,
Students are only listening that why they have low confidence and also basic problem surrounding environment. we discuss all together how to improve Vocabulary
Expansion in students. I decide solve this problem
through encourages their students for interviews, using question-answer technique
conducting game competition and giving rewards.
In the
beginning of action research, I had discussed the topic with my supervisor Mam
Sadia Waqas. She had responded to the
basic elements of research such as objectives of the topics and methodology and indicators. She asked
me to develop my action research practically. She asked me how to improve Vocabulary Expansion in children.
As i had
discuss it above that my topic is developing Vocabulary Expansion in the
students of 6 class i had a
discussion on my topic with my fellow colleagues where i had completed my
research work.
I ask to
Uswa Mubeen what is the major problem in lacking of Vocabulary Expansion in
students at early classes she told me
that students have different family background some students have broken families some have economic problem if we
try to find these factor at grass
root level and then solve them we can build a sense of Vocabulary Expansion in students. I think so that she is writing
and also discuss this topic with Saima she had
done her M.Phil. in psychology and i think that her opinion will be
accurate in this regard she is saying
that in early classes it is a new stage
of the students life when they
come to school some students are little mature and some are immature they feel homesickness in class and they feel
difficulty in to gel up in their classes it is the a another major fact in their low Vocabulary Expansion, very low
motivation level and fear to face the
class In front of teacher she said that if a teacher creates a friendly
environment in class then we
can solve this issue.
3. What did
you find about the problem in the existing literature (books / articles / websites)? (10 marks)
Effective and rewarding teaching
learning process is directly related
to the effective classroom
management. Without effective classroom management, teaching learning has no fruitful
and productive outcomes.
Effective classroom management depends on the competencies (capacity, proficiency) of teachers.
Good managers devise and announce
classroom rules and regulations at the beginning of session in order to
control classroom disruptive
behaviors and make the classroom atmosphere favorable for teaching learning process.
Teachers use a variety of rewards and stimulus
(encouragement) to motivate students. According to Ivancevich and
Matteson
(1990:171) “teachers use
a
variety
of
rewards
to
attract and maintain students
and to motivate them to achieve
their
teaching
goals.” Rewarding
students is therefore vital for the teaching success. Incentives are external
stimuli which can be used as
stimulants to productivity.
When a
behavior leads to desirable outcomes, it is more likely to occur in future
situations. Therefore, reinforcing is
merely the impact seen by the reinforcing agent. To determine whether
an event is capable of reinforcing its
impact should be considered.
Armstrong (2012),
states
that
“reward management
deals
with
the
strategies, policies
and processes
required to ensure
that
the
people’s value and
contributions they make to achieving
developmental goals of teaching and rewarded.” It can therefore be seen
that rewards play an important role in motivating students to perform at their
best and also to maintain top
performers. Lathan’s (2002:45)
observes
that
“teachers
provide rewards to
their personnel in order to try to motivate their performance and encourage
their loyalty and maintained.”
As
already demonstrated, extrinsic motivation is a deeper issue than it come
because it may undermine intrinsic
(natural) motivation under certain conditions and promote it under others conditions. (Williams & Stockdale,
2004). However, it is worthwhile for all teachers have an understanding of extrinsic rewards because
“many of the tasks that educators want their
students to perform
are not inherently interesting and knowing”.
How to promote more
active
and volitional (a choice or decision made) forms of extrinsic motivation
becomes an essential strategy for successful
teaching’. (Ryan & Deci,2000).
It is
important to understand that before analyzing different reward options, factors
that affect reward strategies and
practices. Each teacher is faced with a number of internal and external factors
that affect the reward system is structured and administered. Armstrong
(2010), identifies teaching
culture, sector or work environment, students, teaching strategy, school climate
as key internal variables that affect reward strategies. Each of these factors is different for each school
and the teachers
will develop a reward system
based on how it values
each of the variables.
Armstrong (2010:17).
These
factors play an important role and may force teachers to take certain
decisions. In discussing different
types of rewards and incentives it is important to first categorize these. Rewards can be viewed as intrinsic or
extrinsic. Intrinsic rewards “are intangible (invisible) rewards concerned with the work environment (quality of
education, the teachers teaching) recognition,
performance management and learning and development” Armstrong (2002:99). Kinicki and Kreitner (1998), state that
financial, material and social rewards are extrinsic rewards because they come
from the environment.
To apply a reward system to a classroom, a teacher must first understand what a reward system is and what the advantages n disadvantages are when using it. The term reward is broadly defined as a tool that teacher use to try and reinforce a desired behavior (Wetzel and Mercer, 2003). The elements that determine the effectiveness of a reward are how it is delivered by the teachers and how it is perceived by the student (Wetzel and Mercer, 2012). If a teacher delivers a reward for good behavior, the student must make the connection between the right behavior and the reward. If students think they were rewarded for a different behavior, then the given reward will not be effective, and the student will have associated getting a reward with the wrong behavior (Wetzel and Mercer, 2012). So, teachers need to make sure that when giving rewards, students understand why they received them.
4.
What were the major variables
/ construct of your project?
Give definitions /
description from literature. (05 marks)
Variables of the study:
Total
two variables included in this research. One was independent variables and
second was dependent variable.
Students rewarding system and encouragement used as independent variables and
student’s Vocabulary
Expansion used as dependent variable.
1. Students Motivations:
Tangible forms of encouragement give students a visual reminder
that they have the power to learn
and succeed. They are especially effective when used sparingly or in moderation
after students achieve learning milestones in the classroom
Ø Give Positive Feedback.
Ø Set Realistic Expectations and Celebrate When They Are Met.
Ø Let Your Own Excitement Come Through.
Ø Vary Your Teaching Methods.
Ø Facilitate Don't Dominate.
Ø Make Topics Practical.
Ø Show Students Their Own
Successes.
Ø Get Out of the Book
2. Vocabulary Expansion:
In psychology, the term Vocabulary Expansion is used to describe a person's overall sense of self-worth or personal value. In other words, how much you appreciate and like yourself. It involves a variety of beliefs about you, such as the appraisal of your own appearance, beliefs, emotions, and behaviors. Vocabulary Expansion is an individual's subjective evaluation of their own worth. Self- esteem encompasses beliefs about oneself as well as emotional states, such as triumph, despair, pride, and shame.
5. What did you want to achieve in this
research project? (05 marks) Research Objectives:
Purpose
of the study was to investigate the development of Vocabulary Expansion in
children of 6th grade. So, the study
will focus on the causes
of
problems
of
students
regarding
this.” In order
to achieve said aims,
following objectives are designed:
Objectives of
the Study:
Following was the main objective of the study.
1. To explore
the relationship between
rewarding system and student’s Vocabulary Expansion in 6 class.
2. To explore the relationship between student encouragement and Vocabulary
Expansion development in 6
class.
3.
To find
out the reasons behind the lack of
Vocabulary Expansion of students.
4. To give suggestion
for the improvement of the situation.
Research Questions of the study:
RQ1: What is the relationship between rewarding system and student’s Vocabulary Expansion.?
RQ2: What is the relationship between student encouragement and Vocabulary
Expansion development at Elementary
level?
RQ3: What are the reasons behind the lack of Vocabulary Expansion of students? RQ4: What are the suggestions for the improvement of the situation?
6.
Who were the participants in your project? (05
marks) Population:
The population of the study comprised girls studying at Government Girls High School 102
JB Burj
Mandi.
Sample:
A total of “40” students were taken as a sample of the study was taken as Convenient sample by applying the Matched Pair Random Sampling Technique. So, total sample size was 40 respondents including female students. This sample provide appropriate knowledge regarding all the students of the school they studying in the school.
7.
How did you try to solve the problem? (10
marks) Research Methodology:
All research methods and techniques that will
be used in this study are given
below.
Research Method:
Research
method may describe into three forms: Quantitative
Method, Qualitative method and Mixed
Method. In the study, quantitative research method was used, because data was collect by using
questionnaire in the light of students’ and
teachers’ perception.
Research Design:
It is descriptive and survey research about “The development of Vocabulary Expansion Through Encourage in Children of 6 grade”.
Population:
A
population is otherwise called an all-around characterized gathering of people
or questions known to have
comparative attributes. All people or protests inside a specific population typically have a typical, restricting
trademark or characteristic. The target population of this study was the students of public school of Burj Mandi. The data was collected from student’s
public schools
by filling up the questionnaire.
Sampling Technique
Convenient sampling technique was used in this study.
Sample:
In
research a sample is a gathering of individuals, that are taken from a bigger
population for estimation. The
example ought to be illustrative of the population to guarantee that we can sum up the discoveries from the
exploration test to the population all in all. 40 students were selected
from school.
Data collection procedure:
Data was collected by through questionnaires. One questionnaire was filled by one students according to his point of view. In this way 40 questionnaire filled by 40 respondents. On the base of this data know the opinion of students, find out the problems of students, and provided solution to sort out these problems. Open ended and closed ended questions were used for the purpose of data collection. In closed ended questionnaires 5 Likert point scale questions were developed in the form of strongly agreed (SA=5), Agree (A=4), Undecided (UD=3), Disagree (DA=2) and strongly Disagree (DA=1).
Data Analysis:
Data collection measure means the tool through which the data can be collected”. There are different sources of data collection like scales, proxies, and questions. In this study the researcher used appropriate research tools and software to analysis of data, like; SPSS 18 software analysis in which descriptive analysis was used to find out the frequency, percentage, means and minimum/maximum values etc.
8.
What kind of instrument was used to collect the data? How was the instrument developed? (05 marks)
Instruments:
The
study used questionnaires as the main research instrument. Questionnaire is the
form in which different questions asked
by the sample of the study to
complete the goal of the study.
Questionnaires
were three in counting and labeled as:
Ø Closed Ended Questionnaire for students about encouragement and rewarding system
and its impact on student’s Vocabulary Expansion.
Ø Open Ended
Questionnaire for students
about Vocabulary Expansion development of students.
Ø Questionnaire for students’ suggestions for
effective rewarding and encouragement system in the
classroom.
Questionnaire for students:
The
following main questions guided the collection and analysis of data for the
present study. All the information
that containing in these question ultimately helpful for developing self- esteem
in students.
1)
All students
are motivated to perform well in school?
2)
Different techniques used to
increase the Vocabulary Expansion of students?
3)
Rewards encourage the student to perform well?
4)
Are the students
being rewarded positively?
5)
Are the students
being rewarded by their unsatisfactory performance?
6)
Reward system improves
the Vocabulary Expansion of students?
7)
Are the students
happy after receive reward?
8)
Encouragement
of the students develop Vocabulary Expansion?
9)
Does the misbehavior of students is change with reward?
10) Teacher use reward for whole class
to improve Vocabulary
Expansion of the students?
11) Instruments, participants and procedures of quantitative data collection are presented in the following sections.
Data Analysis:
After the collection of the data it was tabulated. Questionnaires were analyzed. After collecting
data, the simple percentage and frequency model was applied to evaluate the
score on different performance indicators
to check the significance.
9. What
were the findings and conclusion? (10 marks)
Findings:
ü Overall majority
(98%) of the respondents agreed that Are students are motivated to perform well in school.
ü Overall majority
(97%) of the respondents agreed that Different
techniques used to increase the Vocabulary Expansion of students.
ü Overall majority (98%) of the respondents agreed that Rewards encourage the student to perform
well.
ü Overall majority
(97%) of the respondents agreed
that Are the students being
rewarded positively.
ü Overall majority
(95%) of the respondents agreed
that Are the students being
rewarded by their unsatisfactory performance.
ü Overall majority
(96%) of the respondents agreed
that reward system
improves the Vocabulary Expansion of students.
ü Overall majority
(98%) of the respondents agreed
that Are the students happy after receive
reward.
ü Overall majority (99%) of the respondents agreed that Encouragement of the students
develop Vocabulary Expansion.
ü Overall majority
(97%) of the respondents agreed that Does the misbehavior of students is change with reward.
ü Overall majority
(98%) of the respondents agreed that Teacher use reward for whole class to improve Vocabulary Expansion of the students.
Ø
Conclusions:
The researcher in this study, from the findings concluded
by analysis the following conclusion:
Rewarding
system is the most powerful tool of student’s Vocabulary Expansion.
Encouragement to increase a response
not only works better, but allows both parties to focus on the positive aspects
of the situation. Punishment, when applied immediately following the negative
behavior can be effective, but problems may result when it is not
applied consistently. Punishment can also invoke other negative
emotional responses, such as anger and resentment.
Teacher-student
relationships are crucial for the success of both teachers and students. As a feature of classroom administration, such connections are the
most noteworthy factor in deciding an
educator's work as effective. The impact of instructor's conduct assumes a
critical job in the scholastic accomplishment of understudies. An instructor needs to show outstanding sympathy,
constancy, industriousness, truthfulness, examine introduction, trustworthiness and adaptability as a
man. Instructors likewise should be mindful in the manner by which anything that a living being does that includes
activity and reaction to incitement.
Teaching is the activity of teachers for the
purposes of education. Teaching is an arrangement and manipulation of
a situation in which building
students’ Vocabulary Expansion.
That
good classroom management strategies show that reward system develop
discipline, critical thinking,
student’s confidence policies, punctuality, self-discipline, leadership skills, confidence and honesty in Government school students According to the
perceptions of school students (in
open-ended question), majority of the respondents (Govt school students) agreed that students ‘rewarding policies
of classroom have a stronger effect on developing Vocabulary Expansion, punctuality, student’s confidence
policies, leadership skill, teamwork, character development and
adaptability.
10.
Summary of the Project. (05 marks)
Diversity recommended me some developing basic
skills in which theme and sub theme. My topic that I choose THE DEVELOP
VOCABULARY EXPANSION AMONG CHILDREN
THROUGH
ENCOURAGEMENT
AND REWARDS. I choose this topic because I have to face problem about Vocabulary Expansion in the school.
It is difficult to create Vocabulary Expansion in the students during teaching.
The
sample comprised a total of 40 students drawn from high school Burj Mandi. They
were selected by simple random sampling technique.
This
study investigated student’s Vocabulary Expansion among students. It also
investigated the effects of school environment and management related
differences on students’
academic performance in the
concept of measurement when taught using hygienic environment and Unhygienic environment in the class.
Instrument
used for students for data collection. Research design was descriptive. The result was finding that the reward
system and encouragement develops Vocabulary Expansion in students regarding study. Teachers
behavior and teaching method also
impact on student’s behavior.
11. How do
you feel about this practice? What have you learnt? (Self- reflection). (10 marks)
The aim of this study was the development of Vocabulary
Expansion in children through motivation. My research in rural area
basic skills. My project participants were the
students of Govt Girls High School 102 JB. In rural areas mostly people
maintain discipline but not all.
Classroom positive reinforcement atmosphere is very important element in study because it helps in the
learning of students. So I used different technique
for creating motivational atmosphere in the class to maintain discipline that lead good behavior and personality. Students were happy and learn
quickly on the base of hygienic
atmosphere in the class. I feel pleasure. I think in our rural areas teacher create motivational atmosphere in
the class through rewarding system then students
have no problem in education. Student’s response to the implementation of teaching if they teach in hygienic
atmosphere. I created hygienic atmosphere in the class through different activities. I learn that how to improve
the student’s behavior and personality during the study. Finally, I feel satisfied.
12.
What has it added to your professional skills as a teacher? (05 marks)
Ø
It added some new
things in my knowledge key points are given below.
Ø It made me good organizer.
Ø It made me ready for everything that is throwing their way.
Ø Before these activities I was not a good organizer. it made me innovative.
Ø I capable to find out new things.
Ø It made me good effective teacher and mentor.
Ø It made me good role model.
Ø It made me confident. Teacher discipline can help influence other to be a better person.
Ø It made me capable to understand how to create classroom atmosphere according to student’s psyche to develop Vocabulary Expansion and personality at Elementary level.
13. List the works you cited
in your project (follow the
APA manual – 6th Edition). (05 marks)
R. G.,
Belfiore, P. J., & Scheeler, M. C. (2007). Preparing pre-service teachers
to use positive behavior supports
in general education classrooms. Pennsylvania Teacher Educator, 6, 50–57.
Belfiore,
P. J., Fritts, K. M., & Herman, B. C. (2008). The role of procedural
integrity: Using selfmonitoring to enhance discrete
trial instruction. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 23, 95–102.
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| AIOU Research Project (8613) Autumn 2023 Solved Project Theme: Language Development in Classroom Sub-theme: Vocabulary Expansion |
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